MICHIGAN CHESS ASSOCIATION


Analysis by Vasik Rajlich
Todd Rowland and I have taken a good look at this game and as a result these notes are much improved. When I use Todd's notes directly they are cited in blue. There's a lot here on the subject of piece vs pawns imbalances.

Rajlich,V.-Nickoloff,B.(2540 CFC) (Toronto Open, Round 5)
Sicilian: Najdorf [B96/09 (3rd ed.)]
1998.04.12. CAN Toronto [TC:40/120; G/60]

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Bg5 e6 7.f4 Qc7 8.Qf3 b5 9.f5
Black to play
Even though this move is the most direct and natural it is in fact not the most topical since the resulting complications peter out into a position which is somewhat drawish. 9.Bxf6 and 9.0-0-0 are most frequently played.

9...Nc6
9...b4 is the critical move. Nunn then gives 10.Ncb5 an "!" and doesn't even consider anything else. Before I deal with his analysis, I will give my analysis of the move which I intended to play, 10.Nd1. I have not been able to find a way for Black to equalize against it. He can try:
A) 10...Nc6 11.Nxc6 Qxc6 12.Bxf6 gxf6 13.Bd3 when White should stand better.
B) 10...e5 11.Bxf6 gxf6 12.Ne2 when White's plan of Ne3 and Bc4 and perhaps Ne2-g3-h5 should give him a solid positional edge.
C) 10...Be7 (Daring White to try 11.fxe6 fxe6 12.e5) 11.fxe6 fxe6 12.Ne3 (12.e5 dxe5 13.Qxa8 exd4 would be tremendous for Black.) when Black has:
C1) 12...Nxe4? 13.Qxe4 +-
C2) 12...Qc5? 13.e5
C21) 13...Qxd4 14.exf6 gxf6 15.Rd1 +-
C22) 13...dxe5 14.Qxa8 exd4 15.Qxb8 +-
C23) 13...Nd5 14.Bxe7 Kxe7 15.Ndf5+ +-
C3) 12...Nc6?! 13.e5
C31) 13...Nxd4 14.Qxa8 Ng4 (I can't imagine that 14...dxe5 would leave Black with sufficient compensation.) 15.exd6 +-
C32) 13...Nd5 14.Nxc6 Qxc6 (14...Bxg5 15.Qh5+ g6 16.Qxg5 +-) 15.Bxe7 Kxe7 16.Bc4 Bb4 (16...Rf8 17.Nxd5+) 17.0-0-0 +-
 C4) 12...0-0 13.Bc4
C41) 13...Kh8 14.0-0 and there will be no useful discoveries, for example 14...Nfd7 15.Bxe7 should be good for White.
C42) 13...Nxe4 14.Qxe4 Bxg5 15.Bxe6+ Bxe6 (15...Kh8 16.Nd5 should be excellent for White.) 16.Nxe6 Re8 (16...Qe7 17.Nd5 +-) 17.Nxc7 +-
C43) 13...Nd5 14.Nxd5 +-
Nunn's 10.Ncb5 (in response to 9...b4) enters a fairly forcing line: 10...axb5 11.Bxb5+ Bd7 12.fxe6 Bxb5 13.Nxb5 Qc5 14.Bxf6 Qxb5 15.Bxg7 Bxg7 16.Qxf7+ Kd8 17.Qxg7 Re8, leading to the following position:
White to play
Two moves - 18.Rf1 and 18.0-0-0 - have been heavily analyzed.
18.Rf1 defends the e-pawn, since 18...Rxe6 19.Rf8+ Re8 20.0-0-0 would be awesome for White; but it runs into 18...b3, when after 19.cxb3 Black will choose either 19...Qb4+ or 19...Qa5+. According to Nunn, White will have a hard time winning for two reasons: 1) His king is very exposed to threats of perpetual. 2) Even when White gets four or five pawns for the piece the endgame is often a relatively easy draw since White's pawns are scattered. White can also respond to 18...b3 with 19.0-0-0 Qc5 (20...bxa2 21.Rxd6 wins for White.) 21. axb3, when black will still have play against the white king.
18.0-0-0 does avoid the problems with king safety which 18.Rf1 introduces but on the other hand it allows Black to play 18...Rxe6. After 18.Rf1 Rxe6 Nunn gives 19.Qg8+ Qe8 as comfortable for Black without further analysis, dismisses 19.Rhf1 Nd7 as better for Black without further analysis, and suggests 19.Rd5 as White's best. I want to concentrate on the position arising after 18.0-0-0 Rxe6 19.Rhf1 Nd7:
White to play
White's last two moves are quite natural - 18.0-0-0 safeguards the king, while 19.Rhf1 brings the last piece into what seems like a possibly promising attack against the black king - so if Black stands better it is noteworthy. It is also noteworthy that Nunn doesn't even bother to justify his claim that Black stands better. Is it really so obvious? After all, White can claim the following as compensation for his piece:
1) He is about to collect a fourth pawn. (i.e. 20.Qxh7, since then 20...Rxa2 would lose to 21.Qg8+) for the piece.
2) He will have two connected passed pawns on the king's side.
3) Black's king seems to be more exposed than white's.
Is it possible that this is not enough?
I think that this position needs to be looked at differently. Pawns definitely can provide compensation for a piece, as several positions arising later in the game will show, but in order for them to do so one of the following conditions needs to be met:
1) The pawns dominate the center.
2) There are few or no remaining pieces or the side with the pawns can force a position in which there are few or no remaining pieces.
3) There exists some other form of compensation.
4) The side with the pawns has a ton of them.
As long as there is a certain volume of material on the board, the extra piece will provide constant attacking chances, and this is true even when the king of the side with the extra piece appears to be more exposed. In the lines arising from the diagrammed position it is repeatedly White's king which is in greater danger, 20.Qxh7 Kc7 (20...Rxa2 21.Qg8+ +-) and now:
A) 21.Rf7?! Rxa2 22.Kb1 Ra7 with 23...Qa4 next when Black should be much better.
B) 21.Kb1 Qa5 22.a3 bxa3 23.b3 Qc3 -+
C) 21.Rf5 Qc6 accomplishes nothing for White.
D) 21.Qf7 (Awkward but it defends a2 and thus seems best.) and now:
D1) 21...Qc4? and then both 22.Rf6 and 22.Rxd6 give White a ton of play
D2) 21...Rf8? 22.Qxe6 Rxf1 23.Qxd6+ +-
D3) 21...Rxe4? 22.Qg6 (22.Rxd6 Kxd6 23.Qg6+ Kc7 -+) 22...Qe5 23.Rxd6 Qxd6 24.Qxe4 and now 24...Rxa2 can't be played due to 25.Qa2+.
D4) 21...Qe5 is best. It leaves white with two ways to trade queens. Unfortunately, Black's attack is relentless even after a trade of queens:
D41) 22.Qf4 Rxa2 23.Qxe5 Rxe5 24.Kb1 (24.Rf4 Ra1+ 25.Kd2 Rxd1+ 26.Kxd1 Nc5 -+) 24...Ra8 25.Rf4 (25.Rd4+ Rea5 -+) 25...Rea5 26.Kc1 (26.c3 bxc3 27.bxc3 Ra1+ 28.Kc2 K8a2+ -+) and now:
D411) 26...Ne5? 27.b3 and all of a sudden Black's attack is stuck
D412) 26...Rea5 and White doesn't have a good move:
D4121) 27.h4 (Show me!) 27...Ra1+ 28.Kd2 R1a2 is awesome for Black: 29.Kc1 Na4 30.b3 Nc3 and White has been shown
D4122) 27.b3 Ra1+ 28.Kd2 Nxb3+ 29.cxb3 R8a2+ -+
D4123) 27.Rf7+ Kc6 28.Rf6 Ra1+ 29.Kd2 Nxe4+ -+
D4124) 27.e5 dxe5 28.Rxb4 Ra1+ 29.Kd2 Rd8+ -+
D42) 22.Kb1 Qxe4 23.Qf3 Nc5 (This knight will be awesome on e4.) 24.Qxe4 (Else 24...b3 25.axb3 Nxb3) 24...Nxe4 and Black's attack looks awesome: 25.Rf4 Ra5 with the idea of ...d5 and ...Ra6, or 25.Rf5 Kc6 with the idea of ...Re7 and ...Rea7
The themes running through these variations are:
1) Black has a better attack than White because of his extra piece despite his more exposed king.
2) Even the presence of only a pair of rooks gives Black enough firepower to make serious threats.
Hence:
1) White shouldn't bother to count as a plus the slight exposure of Black's king as with Black in posession of the extra piece White's attempts at attacking will be ineffective.
2) Until White forces wholescale simplification (as opposed to merely forcing a trade of queens) he should expect to come under heavy fire.
As will be seen shortly, these themes persist in the piece vs pawns positions which arise in this game.
Back in the game, after 9...Nc6, the following position arose:
White to play
10. Ncxb5?!
9...Nc6 is dismissed by Nunn as inferior due to 10.Nxc6 Qxc6 11.Bxf6 gxf6 12.Bd3 (12.fxe6 fxe6 13.Qxf6 Rg8 would give Black excellent compensation for the pawn), when White stands better since he will castle king's side and have a strong attack against Black's king regardless of where Black chooses to place it.
Nunn incorrectly dismisses 10.Ncxb5 with the variation 10.Ncxb5 axb5 11.Bxb5 Bd7 12.fxe6 Nxd4 13.Bxd7+ Ke7 -+. In fact, the correct result of this move is a draw by perpetual, as will be shown below.

10...axb5 11.Bxb5 Bd7 12.Bxf6
Necessary, since inadequate were:
A) 12.fxe6? Nxd4 13.Bxd7+ Ke7 -+
B) 12.e5? Qa5+ (From White's perspective, this is an unfortunate resource, since 12...Nd5 would get crushed by 13.Bxc6 Bxc6 14.0-0) 13.Bd2 Nxd4 -+

12...gxf6
  White to play
Now, White has:
 A) 13.e5? Qa5+! (13...Rc8 14.fxe6 fxe6 [14...Nxd4 15.Bxd7+ Ke7 16.Qxf6+ +-] 15.Qh5+ Ke7 [15...Kd8 16.Bxc6 Bxc6 17.Nxe6+ +-] 16.exf6+ +-; 13...Nxd4 14.Qxa8+ Ke7 [14...Qd8 15.Bxd7+ Kxd7 16.Qa7+ +-] 15.exf6+ Kxf6 16.0-0 and White has excellent compensation for his small material deficit; 13...d5 might also be good for Black) 14.b4 Nxd4 15.Bxd7+ Kd8 and everything holds together, since 16.Qb7 is met with 16...Qxb4+ 17.Qxb4 Nc2+ etc.
B) 13.fxe6? Nxd4 14.Bxd7+ (14.Qxf6 Bxb5 -+) 14...Ke7 -+
C) 13.Qc3? Rc8 14.fxe6 fxe6 and White has no way to take advantage of the fact that he has not had to play Bxc6 in this variation.
D) 13.Bxc6 (clearly correct), whose consequences are analyzed below.

13. Bxc6 Bxc6 14. fxe6
Black to play
This is the critical position for the evaluation of 10.Ncxb5. Black has:
A) 14...fxe6, as in the game (and thus analyzed below), leading to an endgame in which White has a significant advantage.
B) 14...0-0-0 (Also apparently inaccurate.)  15.exf7 d5 (15...Be7 16.Ne6 Qa5+ 17.b4 Qxb4 18.c3 Qb2 19.0-0 Rd7 20.f8Q+ Bxf8 21.Qxf6 +-) 16.Qxf6 and Black has no suitable continuation: 16...Bd6 17.Ne6 Be5 18.Qxd8+ , or 16...Kb7 17.Ne6 Qa5+ 18.c3 and 19.Qxh8 is next.
C) 14...Be7 15.exf7+ Kxf7 16.Qh5+ Kg8 when White should accept the draw with 17.Qg4+ Kf7 18.Qh5+. Attempting to play for more with 17.Nf5 would again bring about the piece vs pawns imbalance discussed above and the themes that come with it:
Black to play
Again, White could look at this position optimistically, since along with three pawns (which in theory should alone almost compensate for the piece) he has exposed Black's king and locked his KR out of play. Unfortunately, as before, the position needs to be viewed differently:
1) White is down material.
2) White's pawns don't dominate the center and thus don't do enough to contain Black's pieces.
3) White is nowhere near an endgame in which his pawns would be relatively strong .
4) Black's inactive KR and exposed king are only temporary problems and because White is down a piece he is in a poor position to exploit them.
5) White has weaknesses.
White's two forms of compensation for the piece - his three pawns, and Black's exposed king and sidelined KR - do not cooperate with each other.
Black's options are:
A) 17...Be8? 18.Nxe7+ Qxe7 19.Qd5+ +-
B) 17...Kf8 18.Qh6+ (18.Nh6 Be8 and white's pieces are misplaced; 18.0-0 Bxe4 White has no compensation.) 18...Ke8 19.Qg7 Rf8 20.Qxh7 Qa5+ 21.c3 Qe5 and now:
B1) 22.Nxe7 Qxe4+ 23.Qxe4 Bxe4 and Black keeps the bishops
B2) 22.Qxe7+ Qxe7 23.Nxe7 Bxe4 etc.
B3) 22.0-0 Bxe4 and Black is safe and better
B4) 22.Ng7+ Kd8 and Black is also safe and better
C) 17...Bf8 18. 0-0 and now:
C1) 18...Qb6+? 19.Kh1 Qxb2? 20.e5! is a pretty awesome tactic.
C11) 20...fxe5?? 21.Nh6+ Bxh6 22.Qf7mate or 21...Kg7 22.Rf7 mate.
C12) 20...dxe5? 21.Qg4+ Kf7 22.Qc4+ Kg6 23.Qxc6 is pretty strong.
C13) 20...Qxe5 21.Rae1 Qc5? 22.Qg4+ Kf7 23.Nh6+ Bxh6 24.Qe6+ mates.
C14) 20...Qxc2 21.Qg4+ Kf7 22.Nxd6+ Ke7 (22...Bxd6? 23.Rxf6+) 23.Rxf6  is also pretty strong for White.
C15) 20...Bxg2+ is Black's last resort.
C2) 18...Be8 (Also not best but only because white gets another chance to force a draw.) and now:
C21) 19.Qd1 Rc8 20.Rf2 Bg6 21.Qd4 Bxf5 22.Rxf5 Bg7 should be good for Black. He will play 23...h5 and 24...Rh6 unless White disrupts this with 23.Raf1 in which case he will play 23...Kf7 (23...h5 24.Qd5+ Kf8 [24...Kh7 25.Rxh5+ +-] 25.Rxf6+ Bxf6 26.Rxf6+ Ke8 27.Qe6+ Kd8 28.Rf7 Qb6+ 29.Kh1 Rc7 30.Qf6+ +-) 24.Qd5+ Kf7 and now if 25.Rg5 Rg8 when Black should again stand better.
C22) 19.Ne7+ Kg7 (19...Bxe7 20.Qd5+ +-) 20.Nf5+ (20.Qd5 Qa7+ 21.Kh1 Bxe7 -+; 20.Qg4+ Kf7 21.Nd5 [21.Rxf6+ Kxe7 22.Qe6+ Kd8 -+] 21...Qc5+ 22.Kh1 Be7 when Black is fine) 20...Kg8 21.Ne7+ etc., ½-½.
C3) 18...Qf7 (Seems best.) 19.Nh6+ Bxh6 20.Qxh6 and now:
C31) 20...Bxe4 (Seems to lead to too many trades.) 21.Rxf6 Qg7 22.Qxg7+ Kxg7 23. Rxd6 and White might draw.
C32) 20...Rf8 (This seems best.) 21.Rf4 (21.Rf3 Bxe4) 21...Qg6 and 22...h5 and Black has easily ended White's "attack" and is ready to use his extra piece to begin his own.
It's the same story as with the 18.0-0-0 Rxe6 19.Rhf1 Nd7 line analyzed previously. With significant material on the board and with the pawns not dominating the center, Black's extra piece enables him to easily deal with the slight initial problems to his king and eventually obtain excellent pressure. On the other hand, with endgames with queening themes far away, White's extra pawns contribute very little to his cause.
In playing 14...fxe6 my opponent follows these principles. He avoids the draw which 14...Be7 would allow, and he is not concerned about his exposed king, as White is down a piece. He expects that his temporarily disorganized pieces will eventually coordinate an attack against the white king. Unfortunately, White has a tactic which forces Black to choose between allowing a massive set of trades (and making White's pawns very powerful) and giving White a fifth pawn for the piece.

14...fxe6?! 15.Qxf6 Bg7 16.Qxe6+ Kd8 17.Nxc6+
Better than 17.0-0-0 Bd7 18.Qd5 (18.Qf7 Be5) 18...Ra5 when Black has consolidated and should stand no worse.

17...Qxc6 18. 0-0-0  Kc7
18...Ra6 19.e5 +-

19.Rhf1 Rhf8!
So far, the pawns have not done well in this debate. Are three or even four pawns just generally less valuable than a piece? It's time for them to speak up.

At first glance, 19...Rhf8 appears to be a mistake since with 20.e5 White can force Black to part with yet another pawn. However, regardless of the assessment of the position arising after 19...Rhf8, 19...Rhf8 is at least more stubborn than the alternative, 19...Rhd8. After 19...Rhd8 20.Rf7+ Rd7 21.Rdf1 Rad8 22.Rxd7 Rxd7 23.Rf7 Be5 24.Rxd7 Qxd7 25.Qxd7+ Kxd7 26.g3, the following position would arise:
Black to play
In this endgame, White wins.
Hopeless for Black are:
A) Marching his king straight to the kingside, i.e.
26...Ke6 27.c3 Kf6 28.Kc2 Kg5 29.a4 and Black is already in the void.
B) Marching his king straight to the queenside, i.e.
26...Kc6 27.c3 Kc5 28.Kc2 Kb5 29.Kd3 Kc5 30.b3 Kb5 31.a4+ Kc5 (31...Ka5 32.Kc4 h6 33.Kd5 Kb6 34.c4 Ka5 35.c5) 32.b4+ Kb6 33.c4?! (33.Kc4 may be simplest.) 33... Bf6 34.a5+ Ka6 35.Kc2 Be5 36.Kb3 Bd4 37.Ka4 Be3 38.b5+ Kb7 39.g4 Bf2 40.h3 h6 41.a6+ Kb6 (41... Kc7 42.Kb3 Kd7 43.h4 Ke6 44.g5 hxg5 45.hxg5 Kf7 46.c5! Bxc5 47.Kc4 Bg1 48.Kd5 Bc5 49.e5 and White wins.) 42.Kb3 Bd4 43.Kc2 Bf6 44.Kd3 Bg7 45.Ke3 Be5 46.Kf3 (zugzwang) 46...Ka7 47.h4 Bf6 48.g5! hxg5 49.h5 Bg7! 50.Kg4 Bh6 51.Kf5 Kb6 52.e5 dxe5 53.Kxe5 g4 54.Ke4 Bc1 55.Kd3 Bh6 56.Ke2 Bc1 57.Kf2 Bf4 58.Kg2 (zugzwang) 58...Ka7 59.c5 Kb8 60.b6 Be3 61.h6 Bxc5 62.h7 Bd4 63.Kg3 and White wins by bringing his king to g8.
Or 61...Bxh6 62.c6 Bf4 63.a7+ Ka8 64.c7 wins.
So Black needs to play 26...Bd4 27.c3 Bg1 28.h3 Ke6 29.Kd2 Ke5 30.Kd3 Bf2, leading to the following position:
White to play
When White has 31.a4! Bxg3 32.Kc4! when Black can't hold the position:
A) 32...Ke6 33.Kb5 Kd7 34.Kb6 Kc8 and White will win easily since after an eventual c4-c5 he will have passed a, b, and e pawns.
B) 32...Kxe4 (This is less logical than 32...h5 but Black has a few tricks that need to be considered.) 33.a5 and now:
B1) 33...d5+ 34.Kb5 Bf2 (34...d4 35.a6 Bb8 36.cxd4 Kxd4 37.b4 +-) 35.Kc6 is indeed winning for White as claimed: 35...h5 36.b4 h4 37.b5 Kf4 38.b6 Kg3 39.a6 Kxh3 40.a7 +-.
B2) 33...Bf2 34.Kb5 h5 (34...Kd5 35.c4+ and White gets into c6 anyway; 34...Kd3 35.b4 Kxc3 36.b5 Kxd5 +-) 35.Kc6 h4 36.b4 Kf4 37.b5 Kg3 38.b6 Kxh3 39.a6 Kg2 40.a7 h3 41.a8Q h2 45.Kxd6 +-
C) 32...h5 33.a5 h4 34.b4 Bf2 and now White has two ways to win:
C1) 35.Kb5 Kf4 36.a6 Kg3 37.c4 Ba7 (37...Kxh3 38.c5 Kg2 39.a7 +-) 38.c5 dxc5 39.bxc5 Kxh3 40.c6 +-
C2) 35.b5 Kf4 36.b6 Kg3 37.Kb5 Kxh3 38.a6 Kg2 39.a7 +-
 When playing the side with the piece against three or four pawns one should probably almost categorically avoid trading all of the remaining pieces, regardless of the cost.

20.e5 Rxf1 21.exd6+
Best. 21.Rxf1 Bxe5 22.Rf7+ Kb6 23.Qb3+ Ka6 leads to nothing.

21...Kb6
White to play
22.Rxf1?
White should clearly have played 22.Qb3+ Qb5 (Having the extra piece doesn't make your king completely immune: 22...Ka6 23.Rxf1 Qxd6 23.Qa4+ Kb7 24.Qe4+ [24.Rf7+ Kb6 is unclear.] 24...Kb8 25.Qe8+ Kb7 26.Qf7+ Qc7 27.Qxc7+ Kxc7 28.Rf7+ +-) 23.Qxb5+ Kxb5 24.Rxf1 Ra7 when whether Black can draw is unclear. Clearly, however, this is the endgame with which he should take his chances, as the presence of rooks makes White's job far more difficult than in the endgame arising after 19...Rhd8.
22. Rxf1+ leaves White with nothing better than a draw. While this was pretty surprising to me at the time, it really shouldn't have been. White is banking on taking advantage of an exposed black king while he has one piece less to throw at it than Black has to defend or counterattack with. Furthermore, it is horribly incongruous for White to be looking for play against Black's king when he should be looking to take advantage of his five extra pawns by exchanging queens.

22...Qb5 23.d7+
Harmless or bad were:
A) 23.Qe3+ Ka6 24.Qa3+ Kb6 ½-½.
B) 23.Qb3 Qxb3 24.cxb3 Ra7 =
C) 23.Rf4? Re8
The main alternative was:
D) 23.Rf7 when Black has two ways to draw:
D1) 23...Bxb2+ (To give Black escape squares on the queenside.) 24.Kd2 Re8 25.d7+ Rxe6 26.d8Q+ Kc5 and now:
D11) 27.Rc7+ Kb4 and Black's king will be safe on a3 and a4.
D12) 27.Rf5+ Re5 28.Qc7+ Kd4 29.c3+ Ke4 and Black is again OK since 30.Rxe5+ Qxe5 31.Qb7+ Qd5+ holds everything.
D2) 23...Qxb2+ 24.Kd1 Qb1+ (24...Qa1 [or 24...Qd4+] 25.Ke2 Qe5+ 26.Qxe5 Bxe5 27.d7 is awesome for White.) 25.Kd2 Qb4+ 26.Ke2 (Else the position repeats.) 26...Qb5+ and now:
D21) 27.Kf2 Bd4+ 28.Kg3 (28.Kf3 Qf1+ 29.Kg3 Be5+ transposes to "B") 28...Qg5+ 29.Qg4 (White should actually play 29.Kh3 Qh5+ 30.Kg3 and take the draw here. I'm only trying to show that White can't win.) 29...Ra3+ 31. f3 Bf2+ 32.Kh3 Qh6+ -+
D22) 27.Kf3 Qf1+ 28.Kg3 Be5+ 29.Kh4 (29.Kh3 Ra3+ 30.Kh4 Ra4+ transposes.) 29...Ra4+ 30.Kh5 (Again, 30.Kh3 Ra3+ 31.Kh4 ½-½ is better.) 30...Qe2+ 31.Kg5 Bf4 -+

23...Kc7 24.Rf4
24.Rf7 Rd8 would be harmless while 24.d8Q+ Rxd8 25.Rf7+ Kb8 would win for Black.

24...Qxb2+ 25.Kd1 Qa1+ 26.Ke2 Qe5+ 27.Qxe5+ Bxe5 28.Rf7 Rxa2 29.Rxh7 Rxc2+ ½-½
After 30.Kf3 either 30...Rd2 or 30...Bxh2 would be simple draws.