HOW TO PLAY THE OPENING WITH BLACK

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With black your goals in the opening are the same as with white:

(1) Develop your pieces    (2) Control the center

There are many ways to play the opening in chess. An experienced player may do something unusual to give the opponent an unfamiliar position. For someone fairly new to the game, it is best to learn the most reliable ways, and those easiest to play. Because you are black and your opponent goes first, he has a small advantage at the start. You must make sure he does not control the center squares.  Do this by putting a pawn in the center, the same way as if you had white. It is possible to play chess by moving a center pawn later in the game, but  you should learn to do this right away, to make sure you do not get into a bad position. Here is how you should meet the first move of your opponent.

 

(A) Your opponent starts with 1.e4 - You can reply to this with either 1...e5 or 1...c5. The move 1…e5 is more common among learning players. The move 1…c5 is the favorite move of the world’s highest-rated player Gary Kasparov, and many other grandmasters. Here are some ideas used with 1...c5, which is called the Sicilian Defense. A lot of the time your opponent is going to play 2.Nf3. There are three good moves to answer this. You can play 2...Nc6, 2...d6, or 2...e6. If he then plays 3.d4, you should take his pawn with 3...cxd4. After he takes back 4.Nxd4, attack his e-pawn with 4...Nf6. White will have to guard his pawn with 5.Nc3, blocking in his c-pawn. You do not want him to grab control of the center by playing c4 before he brings out his queen-knight. Your next move should make sure the opponent cannot drive your Nf6 away with the move e5, if you have not stopped this threat already.

 

(B) Your opponent starts with 1.d4 - You can answer this move with 1...d5 or 1…Nf6. If he plays 2. c4 it is better to not take the pawn, because he will be able to get his pawn back with a good position. Just guard your pawn with e6 or c6. Later on in the game, you will want to play the move c5 to stop the opponent from taking over the center.

 

(C) Your opponent starts with 1.Nf3 - You can answer this move with either 1...d5 or 1...Nf6. If you play 1...d5, follow the same ideas that you used against 1.d4. If you play 1...Nf6, make sure your opponent does not control the center with his pawns. Put a pawn in the center yourself to stop this. You can answer 2.d4 with 2...d5. You can answer 2.c4 with 2.c5.

 

(D) Your opponent plays something else on his first move. If the opponent plays 1.c4 you can reply 1...e5. If the opponent plays a first move other than this, try to control the center by moving your pawns. Both 1...e5 and 1...d5 are good answers to most unusual moves. You can also play 1...Nf6 first and then move your center pawns.

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